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Concrete, Proportions as Used in England.
Cooley, in his Practical Receipts (English), says: " Concrete, proper, is a compact mass, composed of pebbles, lime, and sand, employed in the foundations of buildings. The best proportions are 60 parts (bushels or any other measure) of coarse pebbles, 25 parts of rough sand (meaning clean, sharp sand), and 5 parts of lime. "
Remarks. Of course, he means water-lime, or, as we call it here, cement; the Rosendale, I think, being considered the best. Still, any good article will do. But many houses are built of it in the United States, and in doing so, generally, the pebbles or gravel are not used as coarse as above given, but finer, and make up for it by putting in coarser stone, from the size of the first, upward; and often flat stone are put in; but care should be observed in placing these in the frames of plank in which the house is carried up, that these stone are all well imbedded in the mortar or cement, else they weaken, rather than strengthen, the concrete walls. I like the proportions as used in No. 1 best, as it makes a stronger cement, and, especially, should greatly prefer it if I was going to use common stone lime in building a house or other concrete building.
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